Arcade machines have relied on various microcontroller architectures throughout gaming history. The Z80 CPU stands as one of the most prevalent processors, powering legendary titles like Pac-Man and Space Invaders during the golden age of arcades. This 8-bit microprocessor became the industry standard for many early arcade systems due to its reliability and cost-effectiveness.

Another significant microcontroller family includes the Motorola 68000 series, which brought 16/32-bit processing to arcade cabinets. This powerful processor enabled more sophisticated games like Street Fighter II and the Mortal Kombat series, supporting enhanced graphics and complex gameplay mechanics that defined the 1990s arcade experience.

Modern arcade systems frequently utilize PIC microcontrollers and ARM processors for their efficient performance and versatility. These contemporary chips handle everything from game logic and input processing to graphics rendering in current arcade platforms. PIC microcontrollers are particularly valued for their low power consumption and integrated peripherals, while ARM processors provide substantial computing power for high-definition graphics and complex physics calculations.

Additional microcontroller types found in arcade machines include Intel 8080 and 80386 processors, MIPS architectures, and custom ASICs designed specifically for gaming applications. The evolution of microcontroller technology in arcades directly correlates with advancements in gaming complexity, from simple 2D sprites to immersive 3D environments that continue to define the arcade experience today.