Classic arcade games employed sophisticated techniques to create dynamic enemy behaviors within severe hardware limitations. Finite State Machines (FSMs) formed the core architecture, where enemies transitioned between predefined states like patrol, chase, attack, and flee based on player proximity and game conditions. Pattern systems, particularly in shooters like Galaga, used predetermined movement sequences that appeared organic through clever design.

Game developers implemented simple rules that generated complex behaviors through interaction. In Pac-Man, ghost movement combined direct chasing with interception algorithms and random elements, creating the illusion of coordinated hunting. Memory constraints were overcome through procedural behavior systems that used minimal data to maximize variety.

Arcade machines frequently employed dynamic difficulty adjustment, where enemy aggression and numbers increased as players demonstrated skill. This created perfect pacing that kept players engaged while ensuring coin consumption. The limited AI was enhanced through clever level design that funneled players into challenging situations, making basic behaviors feel intelligent and threatening.

These technical innovations from the golden age of arcades established fundamental AI principles that continue influencing modern game design, proving that sophisticated enemy behavior stems not from processing power, but from elegant system design and psychological understanding of player engagement.