Arcade game machines maintain compatibility with legacy peripherals through several key methods. The widespread adoption of the JAMMA (Japan Amusement Machine Manufacturers Association) standard created a universal wiring harness that allows different game boards to connect to various control interfaces without modification. For non-standard peripherals, manufacturers often develop adapter interfaces that translate signals between old controllers and modern systems. Many arcade operators utilize input device adapters that convert legacy joystick, button, and trackball signals to formats recognizable by contemporary hardware.

Firmware updates frequently include driver support for older peripherals, while some manufacturers implement backward compatibility modes in their system architecture. Custom interface boards serve as bridges between vintage controllers and new arcade platforms, preserving the authentic feel of classic games. The arcade industry also employs voltage regulation systems to ensure legacy accessories receive appropriate power levels, preventing damage to both the peripheral and main system.

For specialized controllers like light guns and racing wheels, arcade technicians often create custom mapping solutions that translate analog inputs to digital signals understood by modern game boards. This comprehensive approach to compatibility ensures that valuable legacy peripherals remain functional while allowing arcade operators to upgrade their core systems, extending the lifespan of both classic games and their original control interfaces.