Arcade machines, popular in the late 20th century, relied on specialized hardware to manage memory and storage for game data. Unlike modern systems, they used Read-Only Memory (ROM) chips to store game code and graphics permanently. These ROM chips were hardwired into the machine, ensuring fast access but no modifications.

For temporary data, arcade machines utilized Random Access Memory (RAM) to handle real-time gameplay calculations, such as player inputs and enemy movements. The limited RAM capacity required efficient programming to avoid slowdowns.

Some advanced arcade systems, like those using laserdiscs, incorporated additional storage for high-quality audio and video. However, most classic arcade cabinets depended on ROM-based cartridges or boards, making them durable but difficult to update.

The combination of ROM and RAM allowed arcade machines to deliver smooth, responsive gaming experiences without the need for complex storage solutions. This design philosophy prioritized performance and reliability, key factors in the golden age of arcade gaming.