The hardware architecture of modern arcade machines has evolved significantly compared to vintage models, driven by advancements in technology and changing gaming demands.

1. Processing Power: Vintage arcade machines relied on simple 8-bit or 16-bit CPUs like the Zilog Z80 or Motorola 68000, while modern systems use multi-core processors and even PC-based hardware for complex graphics and AI.

2. Graphics and Display: Early arcades featured CRT monitors with limited resolutions and color palettes. Modern machines employ high-definition LCD or LED screens, supporting 3D rendering and 4K resolutions.

3. Storage: Vintage games used ROM chips or cassettes with fixed content. Today’s arcades utilize SSDs, hard drives, or cloud-based storage for larger, updatable game libraries.

4. Connectivity: Older models were standalone units, whereas modern arcades integrate online features, multiplayer modes, and even VR compatibility.

5. Input Devices: Classic joysticks and buttons remain iconic, but modern cabinets incorporate touchscreens, motion sensors, and haptic feedback for immersive gameplay.

These changes reflect the shift from simple, single-game systems to versatile, interactive entertainment hubs.