Manufacturers employ multiple strategies to maintain backward compatibility for legacy peripherals in modern arcade machines. A primary method involves adhering to standardized interface protocols like the JAMMA (Japan Amusement Machinery Manufacturers Association) wiring standard, which creates a universal pinout system for controls, audio, and video signals. Many new arcade PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) include dedicated JAMMA edge connectors or optional adapter harnesses that translate legacy input signals to modern systems.

For non-JAMMA hardware, manufacturers develop custom interface converters that bridge old peripherals—such as vintage joysticks, coin mechs, or light guns—with contemporary mainboards. These converters often incorporate microcontrollers that translate legacy electrical signals into USB or other modern data formats. Software emulation is another critical approach, where new systems mimic the behavior of legacy hardware through firmware, allowing original peripherals to function without physical adapters.

Additionally, modular design philosophies enable arcade operators to replace specific components (e.g., power supplies or I/O boards) while retaining classic controllers. Some manufacturers even integrate multi-format support directly into their PCBs, featuring switchable compatibility modes for different peripheral generations. Through these technical solutions, arcade machines balance innovation with preservation, ensuring operational continuity for retro gaming ecosystems.