Arcade machines achieve dynamic time-of-day lighting effects through sophisticated combinations of hardware and software techniques. The primary method involves carefully programmed CRT monitor output, where developers manipulate phosphor persistence and refresh rates to simulate different lighting conditions. During dawn sequences, machines might render softer color palettes with gradual brightness increases, while nighttime scenes use deeper blues and blacks with simulated light sources.

Many advanced cabinets incorporate environmental lighting systems with strategically placed RGB LEDs around the bezel or cabinet interior. These LEDs synchronize with gameplay through the machine's video output, creating ambient lighting that extends beyond the screen. For example, a racing game might project orange hues during sunset sequences or cool blue tones for night driving.

Light gun games often employ monitor-mounted sensors that detect actual ambient light conditions, adjusting the game's brightness accordingly. Some machines use photocells or light sensors to measure arcade environment lighting and dynamically adapt the display's contrast and brightness levels. The programming typically involves pre-rendered sequences rather than real-time calculations, with developers creating multiple versions of scenes for different times of day.

These techniques work within the constraints of arcade hardware through optimized code that manages color palette switching and lighting state transitions without compromising performance. The result is an immersive experience that enhances gameplay through temporal visual changes, all achieved without modern GPU capabilities through clever engineering of available technology.