Arcade game machines rely on various audio systems to deliver their iconic soundscapes, from simple beeps to complex digital tracks. The most common types include mono audio systems, stereo audio systems, and modern digital audio setups.

The classic and historically most prevalent type is the mono (monaural) audio system. Found in countless games from the 80s and 90s, this setup uses a single audio channel. Sound is generated by the game's PCB (printed circuit board) and amplified by a small, dedicated amplifier board, often part of the JAMMA standard wiring harness. The audio is then output through a single speaker or sometimes two speakers wired to play the same mono signal. This simple and cost-effective system was the industry standard for years.

For games that required more immersive or directional sound, stereo audio systems were implemented. This setup uses two separate audio channels (left and right) to create a more spacious soundscape. The audio is typically generated by the main PCB, sent to a stereo amplifier board, and then output through two or more speakers strategically placed in the cabinet. Fighting games like *Street Fighter II* and racing games often used stereo to enhance the player's experience.

Modern arcade machines, as well as retro-inspired cabinets, frequently utilize integrated digital audio solutions. Here, the audio processing is handled directly by the main system-on-a-chip (SoC) or motherboard, similar to a home computer. The amplified signal is then sent to high-quality speakers or even small subwoofers, providing rich, full-range sound for music and effects.

The physical components are also key. Most cabinets use dynamic speakers, typically ranging from 4 to 6 inches in size, housed behind the grille. The amplification is usually provided by a dedicated amplifier board that boosts the low-power signal from the PCB to a level that can drive the speakers. Understanding these systems is crucial for both preservationists restoring classic games and enthusiasts building their own custom cabinets.