Arcade game machines employ several sophisticated methods to operate across different global power standards. The primary adaptation mechanism is through built-in switching power supply units (PSUs) designed to automatically accept input voltages ranging from 100V to 240V, covering standards used in Japan (100V), North America (120V), and most other regions (220-240V). These universal PSUs contain automatic voltage regulation components that detect and adjust to incoming power without manual intervention.

For older arcade cabinets manufactured before the 2000s, many feature a manual voltage selector switch typically located near the power input source. Operators must physically switch between 110V/120V and 220V/240V settings to match local power standards. Some machines also incorporate internal voltage transformers with multiple input taps that can be reconfigured for different voltage requirements.

In regions with significantly different power specifications, external step-down or step-up transformers are often used as interface solutions between the arcade machine and local power outlets. Modern arcade manufacturers also produce region-specific power boards that can be swapped during installation to accommodate local standards.

The power frequency difference (50Hz vs 60Hz) is generally handled by the game's internal power supply without affecting gameplay, though some older electro-mechanical games might require timing adjustments. International arcade operators ensure compatibility by verifying voltage specifications before installation and using appropriate power conditioning equipment to protect sensitive components from power fluctuations, ensuring consistent performance regardless of geographic location.