Selecting the right materials for building an arcade machine requires careful consideration of several crucial factors that impact both performance and longevity. The primary concerns include durability, cost, authenticity, weight, and safety.

Durability stands as the foremost priority. Arcade cabinets endure constant physical interaction, including forceful button mashing and joystick movements. For the cabinet itself, medium-density fiberboard (MDF) is a popular choice due to its stability and smooth surface, which is ideal for painting and applying vinyl graphics. Alternatively, plywood, especially Baltic birch, offers superior strength and screw-holding capability, making it excellent for heavier components like CRT monitors. For the control panel, where the most wear occurs, materials like Lexan or polycarbonate are often used as overlays on top of printed artwork. These plastics are highly scratch-resistant and can withstand years of abuse. The buttons and joysticks themselves should be made from high-quality, industrial-grade plastic to prevent breaking and ensure consistent performance.

Cost is an inevitable practical constraint. While solid steel might be the most durable option, it is prohibitively expensive and heavy. MDF provides a cost-effective balance between price and performance. The choice between authentic, brand-name components (like Sanwa or Seimitsu joysticks) and generic replicas also significantly affects the budget. For a commercial machine, investing in higher-quality parts reduces long-term maintenance costs. For a home-use cabinet, more affordable options may be sufficient.

Authenticity and aesthetics are vital for recreating the genuine arcade experience. The material choices directly influence the look and feel of the machine. The weight and sound of a microswitch button, the smooth rotation of a joystick mounted in a wooden panel, and even the heft of the cabinet itself contribute to nostalgia. Using laminate or specific vinyl wraps can replicate the classic arcade look while providing an extra layer of protection.

Finally, safety cannot be overlooked. All materials, especially wood products, should be properly sealed and finished to prevent splintering. Electrical components must be securely mounted and insulated. The cabinet's structure must be robust enough to support the significant weight of monitors and speakers without risk of tipping, ensuring a safe environment for users. Ultimately, the best material selection balances these factors to create a machine that is durable, functional, true to the classic arcade spirit, and safe for everyone to enjoy.