Arcade machine networking protocols are the standardized languages that allow cabinets, game boards, and peripherals to communicate. They are the backbone of modern arcade operation, enabling everything from basic coin insertion to complex online ranking systems. The most common protocols have been developed by major manufacturers to create interoperability within their ecosystems and beyond.

The JAMMA Video Standard (JVS) is arguably the most universal protocol. It uses a standard USB Type-B cable for communication between the game's PCB and the I/O board that handles inputs like buttons and joysticks, as well as outputs for coin counters and lights. Its widespread adoption means a JVS-compatible game can often be played in any JVS-ready cabinet with minimal setup.

Sega's ALLS (Amusement Linkage Live System) is a robust networking system built on top of JVS. It was designed for high-traffic arcades and supports features like online ranking, e-card reader integration, and remote cabinet monitoring. ALLS allows operators to manage multiple machines from a central location, tracking earnings and gameplay data in real time.

Namco's ES-A (Europa-System Arcade) protocol is another key player, famously used in franchises like Tekken. It facilitates network battles, downloadable content, and save data for player profiles. This protocol was crucial for creating a persistent, connected arcade experience where a player's progress could be saved and continued on any compatible machine.

Konami's e-Amusement platform is one of the most recognizable due to its use in rhythm games like Dance Dance Revolution and Beatmania. It relies on a network connection for its core functionality, handling everything from online score submission and rival tracking to unlocking new songs using a proprietary RFID card system.

While these are the major standardized protocols, many manufacturers also use their own proprietary communication systems for specific hardware within a cabinet. Understanding these protocols is essential for arcade operators and technicians for maintenance, troubleshooting, and building multi-game setups. The shift towards these digital standards has moved the industry far beyond the simple analog wiring of classic cabinets, enabling the rich, connected arcade experiences seen today.