The visual performance of an arcade machine is fundamental to its gameplay experience. Unlike modern PCs, classic arcade standards were built around specialized CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitors, creating a unique set of industry norms for resolution and refresh rates.

For the vast majority of classic arcades from the 80s and 90s, the standard was a low resolution, progressive scan image. The most common resolution was 384x224 pixels, which was then stretched by the analog monitor to fit a 4:3 aspect ratio, resulting in a perceived resolution of approximately 496x224. This low resolution was a technical necessity for the hardware of the time but contributed to the distinct pixel-art aesthetic. Other common resolutions included 256x224 and 320x224.

The refresh rate on these classic CRTs was typically a rock-solid 60 Hz for games in North America and Japan (NTSC standard), and 50 Hz for games in many European regions (PAL standard). This matched the AC power frequency and provided a flicker-free experience. However, the critical specification was the vertical refresh rate, which directly dictated the game's speed. A game programmed for 60 Hz would run slower on a 50 Hz monitor.

Modern arcades using LCD or LED screens have adopted higher standards. While many dedicated cabinets use 1080p (1920x1080) displays for sharpness and cost-effectiveness, high-end racing or rhythm games often utilize full HD or even 4K resolutions with a 120 Hz or 240 Hz refresh rate. This drastically reduces motion blur and input lag, which is crucial for competitive play.

In summary, the true industry standard for classic arcades was an analog ~15.7 kHz horizontal scan rate CRT, outputting a ~240p resolution at 60 Hz. Today's standards are more aligned with consumer displays, prioritizing high resolution and high refresh rates for a crisp, responsive visual experience.